DISCUSSIONS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY EPISTEMOLOGY: LOCKE AGAINST HERBERT

Sorokina T. B.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-9-15

Abstract. 

The article reveals the contradictions between the supporters of different epistemological approaches – Edward Herbert and John Locke. Locke’s critique of the theory of innate ideas not only reveals the basic arguments of representatives of empiricism and materialism in discussions with opponents, but also allows a deeper understanding of the culture and mentality of English intellectuals of the XVIIth century. On the basis of Herbert’s rationalist theory, the author shows how some cognitive ideas that seemed to have been pushed to the periphery of cognition reveal a new meaning in a new context. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the expansion of the traditional interpretation of the chapter “Experience on Human Understanding” by Locke, devoted to the ideas of Herbert’s, through the use of the provisions of Herbert’s epistemology.

Keywords: 

С. 9-15

PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS OF N. V. USTRYALOV IN THE CONTEXT
OF SLAVOPHILE THOUGHT

Skorokhodova S. I.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-16-25

Abstract. 

The article attempts to unpack the philosophical debate between N. V. Ustryalov – the leader of the Smenovekhstvo (Change of Signposts) movement – and Slavophiles, which, as the author of the article considers, brings up these topic most intensely. The main trinary in Ustryalov’s political ontology is distinguished (power, nationalism, religion – which should be based on a creative idea). This trinary is compared with the Slavophiles’ acknowledged trinary (Orthodoxy, nationalism, autocracy). It is shown that, in the “power – people” correlation, Ustryalov gives his preference to power, mystifying and psychologizing it. Power of the state, at the same time, according to the Slavophiles, is the manifestation of the people’s will, resting on the conscious mind which consolidates in churches and universities. It is stated that the major disagreement between Ustryalov and the Slavophiles lay in their attitude to the Orthodoxy. Ustryalov believed that not only religion, but also philosophy could become the spiritual ground for life of society but only if having the creative element. Ustryalov believed in the principle of religious tolerance. The Slavophiles suggested that power should be based on the very spiritual ground that develops historically: independently of it, it is impossible to resist the newfangled ideas that are skillfully driven home to people. It is concluded in the article that, seeing romanticism in the Slavophiles’ doctrine, Ustryalov himself was not devoid of it.

Keywords: 

С. 16-25

SHESTOV AND SHAKESPEARE

Florova V. S.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-26-34

Abstract. 

The paper is concerned with a special role, which Shakespeare and interpretation of his work played in the philosophical reflections of L. I. Shestov. Being an existentialist, personalist and philosopher of life, Shestov rejected not only positivist philosophy in all of its forms, but also philosophy as a system in general. And in this matter Shakespeare was perceived by Shestov as the principal ally. Shestov’s approach to the work and personality of Shakespeare shows a peculiar substitution of the text with its interpretation: Shestov’s attitude as a reader is declared to be the attitude set by the text itself. This approach does not contradict Shestov’s philosophy: in his opinion, Shakespeare, the creator, should not be analyzed but perceived through the reader’s personal experience. According to Shestov, it is the analysis that attempts to squeeze poetry into the framework of the scientific discourse kills the poetic text.

Keywords: 

С. 26-34

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES IN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT

Slobodchikova Yu. V., Semchuk I. V.                     DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-35-47

Abstract. 

The article focuses on the issue of ways of behavior in a conflict situation, as well as psychological strategies for resolving conflicts when managing an organization. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the proposed provisions, the work aims to identify psychological strategies for conflict resolution when managing an organization. Based on the theoretical analysis, the conducted research identified an acute need for introducing the study of psychological strategies for conflict resolution into the training system of heads of organizations.

Keywords: 

styles of behavior in conflict, the effectiveness of managing an organization.

С. 35-47

DEVELOPMENT OF SUBJECTS OF ADDITIONAL EDUCATION: SOCIAL
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Gasanova R. R., Valeeva G. V.,
Arpentieva M. R., Kuznetsova N. V.                      DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-48-59

Abstract. 

The work contains a theoretical analytical and synthetic understanding of the problems of the development of additional education in the context of formation and development of its subjects (lecturers and teachers, students and schoolchildren). One of the means on this path is an individual educational trajectory – the space and time of cooperation of educational subjects on the issues of self-actualization and self-realization of a person as an individual, partner and professional. When mastering additional education programs, pre-service specialists can expand and deepen their professional, as well as interpersonal and personal subjectivity, moving along individual educational trajectories, master and reflect on the issues of reorganizing social relations (including educational). They need to comprehend the possibilities and limitations of different models of approaches, expand and deepen their understanding of the world of pedagogical and other relationships, strengthen their desire to develop, the ability to support and stimulate this desire in their lives, and in the lives and activities of their students.

Keywords: 

additional education, individual educational trajectories, development, innovation, sustainable development, abandonment of development, degradation, sociopathy.

С. 48-59

THE ISSUE OF THE HUMAN IMAGE IN RUSSIAN AND BELARUSIAN PSYCHOLOGY

Strelenko A. A.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-60-72

Abstract. 

The article presents the results of the key theoretical directions in the study of the psychic image in the Russian and Belarusian psychology. Based on the theoretical analysis carried out, we can conclude that the issue of psychic images developed on the levels of psychic reflection from simpler forms, such as the signal on which the reflex began to function, to increasingly complex forms, such as the integral image of reality, the image of the world, the image of oneself or the image of other people, in particular. The accumulation of research both in the field of general psychology and in the field of social psychology, the topic of the image of a human became more integrated. At the present stage, such integration is realized in the social-perceptual approach of studying the image of a human.

Keywords: 

the theoretical approach, consciousness, image, the image of a human, social-perceptual images.

С. 60-72

RETIREMENT OF UNIVERSITY LECTURERS AS A DETERMINANT OF PERSONAL CHANGES

Akhilgova M. T., Khanova Z. G.                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-73-80

Abstract. 

The article presents the analysis of the content and functional characteristics of the crisis in the scientific research environment. Three main groups of psychological crises are identified: age-related, personal, and situational. The features of retirement as a personal development crisis are revealed. The relationship between the university lecturers’ personal characteristics that have undergone changes, designated by them as subjectively significant for retirement, is established.

Keywords: 

psychological crisis, personal transformations, retirement, retirement age, a lecturer.

С. 73-80

PLANNING AND CONDUCTING DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

Trifonova E. V.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-81-94

Abstract. 

For a long time, the structure of a school lesson was the model of lessons with preschool children, where children were given new information or a method of action, which were then worked out and consolidated. The current standard of preschool education and its methodological support set a different principle of educational work, based on the main provisions of Cultural-Historical Psychology and Activity Theory. The new content should be mastered by students of pedagogical universities, but the usual stereotypical attitudes greatly inhibit the process of appropriating new content. The first article reveals the basic principles of organizing developmental classes with preschoolers, the second article will analyze the difficulties of developing and conducting such classes by students.

Keywords: 

preschool education, classes in preschool educational institutions, developmental activities with preschool children, activity-based approach in education, Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education.

С. 81-94

A TYPOLOGICAL MODEL OF COGNITIVE SKILLS

Aikhel N. V.                                                   DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-95-106

Abstract. 

The article points out individual types of cognitive skills, such as practical, communicative, intellectual, reflexive, organizational, and informational. It identifies the logical sequence of these types, based on the objective regularity of their formation and development in a person engaged in the cognitive activity. A typological model of cognitive skills, based on the specified regularity and allowing to identify cognitive skills in students, as well as to perform diagnostics has been designed. The given model can serve as the basis for developing a diagnostic technique of availability of certain types of cognitive skills and the level of their formation in students, as well as for developing the individual trajectories of further development of cognitive skills in each of them.

Keywords: 

cognitive skills, typology, categorical method “A number of information criteria”.

С. 95-106

STRATEGIES FOR REGULATING THE EMOTIONAL BURNT OUT OF TEACHERS IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES

Dolinskaya L. A., Gorsheneva V. V.                     DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-107-119

Abstract. 

The article discusses the issue of using strategies for regulating emotional burnout in the innovation activity, describes the emotional burnout, reveals the emotional regulation model, and presents the results of studying the emotional burnout of teachers in innovative activities.

Keywords: 

strategies of personality self-affirmation, innovative activities of teachers, emotions, emotional burnout in innovative activities, strategies of emotional regulation, education.

С. 107-119

TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL FORMATS: OLD PROBLEMS AND NEW CHALLENGES

Milovanov K. Yu.                                            DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-120-130

Abstract. 

The article deals with the research of the transformation of educational formats in Russia and in the world. The significance of the cultural and historical potential of the national education is revealed, its role in the modern modernization process is determined. The leading trends in the development of the global educational environment and Russian education are characterized: lifelong learning, introducing digital educational technologies, defining the role of the teacher in the context of changing educational formats, identifying the challenges and risks of digitalization. The pedagogical analysis of the use of gaming teaching technologies, digital communication models, educational platforms, resources and services is presented. The trends of modernization development and digital transformation are characterized, their influence on the state of the national education system is shown.

Keywords:

modernization of education, reforming education, digital transformation of education, distance learning, domestic education.

С. 120-130

SOCIO-TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Neborsky E. V., Boguslavsky M. V.,
Ladyzhets N. S. Naumova T. A.                         DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-131-142

Abstract. 

The digital transition is becoming a factor that triggers the processes of complex and numerous transformations in the sphere of society. The article formulates key socio-technological challenges, including replacement of a person with artificial intelligence; loss of human identity; social distancing, alienation; loss of privacy; increase in mental disorders; growing inequality. The article shows the specificity of the impact of these challenges on the sphere of higher education and universities, offers tools to minimize the potential negative consequences of socio-technological challenges.

Keywords:

digital university, digital era, higher education, universities, socio-technological challenges, digital risks.

С. 131-142

THE CONTENT OF THE “TEACHER’S CONCEPTUAL SPHERE” TERM IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

Batkaeva Y. A.                                              DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-143-156

Abstract. 

The article covers the content of the definition of the conceptual sphere in scientific knowledge to identify the role of the professional conceptual sphere of a teacher in mastering the pedagogical theory and implementing practical activities. Based on the analysis of various scientific disciplines research (cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, psychology, linguistic and cultural studies, philosophy, and pedagogy), the structure and invariant features of the concepts and the conceptual sphere are determined. The data received made it possible to determine the features of the pedagogical concept and to define the teacher’s professional conceptual sphere as a mental formation in the teacher’s mind, which is a structured system of subjectively interpreted pedagogical concepts that represent a holistic scientific picture of the process of pedagogical activity organized by him/her and included in the context of their professional life.

Keywords:

concept, teacher’s conceptual sphere, pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical activity, training of teaching staff.

С. 143-156

THE HEURISTIC ASPECT OF HERMENEUTICS: NOTES ON THE METHODOLOGY OF COMENIUS RESEARCH

Marchukova S. M.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-157-170

Abstract. 

The article deals with the search for ways to solve the problem of cardinal strengthening of heuristic work with historical sources. In particular, we are talking about the modern understanding of the heuristic aspect of hermeneutic methods in comeniological (Comenius) research. Methodological guidelines of the presented work are, on the one hand, of J. A. Komensky’s thesis about “three stages of reliable knowledge: empirical, epistemic and heuristic” (“Pansophia”), on the other hand – the disclosure in his works of the pedagogical aspect of biblical hermeneutics, which later became the foundation of the hermeneutic trend in philosophy. The combination of these two methodological guidelines in the presented article is intended to reveal the relevance of heuristic work with historical sources on the example of comeniology – a broad interdisciplinary field of knowledge and a fundamental direction of modern historical-pedagogical science.

Keywords:

J. A. Comenius, heuristics, hermeneutics, pietism, Quakers, Ph. J. Spener, A. G. Franke, N. L. Zinzendorf, Herrnhut, F. D. Schleiermacher.

С. 157-170

MOBILIZING CHILDREN: KIEV YOUTH DURING WORLD WAR I

Neumann M.                                              DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-171-185

Abstract. 

The article discusses the complex interaction between national mobilization during World War I and children. The focus is on children and teenagers living in Kyiv, a border region of the Russian Empire, who were amongst the first children to be affected by the war. The purpose of the study is to examine the ways in which children and adolescents were integrated into the military culture in the city during the general mobilization period and the very nature of their direct participation in this war. The materials of contemporary pedagogical research will be used to reconstruct children’s experiences during that time as well as their emotional response to military culture in the first two years of the war.

Keywords:

World War I, military culture, children and adolescents, military mobilization, patriotism, children’s experience of war.

С. 171-185

DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES IN THE SOVIET SCHOOL CULTURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY

Churkina N. I.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-186-199

Abstract. 

In the modern sociocultural situation, an appeal to the history of the Soviet school seems to be especially relevant, since there has been a tendency in society not always to adequately assess the recent Soviet history. At the same time, in pedagogical research, these topics are not sufficiently studied. The article solves a scientific problem that consists in the implementation of a retrospective study of everyday disciplinary practices in the context of their correspondence / inconsistency with the Soviet school culture of the specified period. The work aims to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of disciplinary practices in the context of the Soviet school culture and their approbation with the use a complex of ego-sources and materials of in-depth interviews with representatives of the post-war generation of schoolchildren. The methodological basis of the research was made of three groups of approaches: culturological, sociocultural approaches, the theory of social constructivism. General scientific methods – analysis, synthesis, descriptions, in-depth interviews – are used as research methods. As the result of the research, the need to study disciplinary practices as the factor of forming and element of school culture has been substantiated. The methodological and theoretical constructions of the study of disciplinary practices in the Soviet school culture of the second half of the twentieth century as an object of the interdisciplinary research are determined. The groups of methods and forms of discipline regulation, which are characteristic of school culture, used in disciplinary practices, are substantiated, periods in the development of the normative base regulating school discipline in the second half of the twentieth century are highlighted.

Keywords:

school culture, the Soviet school, discipline, school discipline, disciplinary practices, cultural practices, education.

С. 186-199

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CULTUROLOGICAL IDEA OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE DOMESTIC PEDAGOGY OF LATE XIX – EARLY XXI CENTURY

Petrova V. A.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-200-211

Abstract. 

The article notes that from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century social and pedagogical thought pointed to the cultural potential of the “Foreign language” discipline. Reflections of famous teachers and public figures on the relationship between the language and culture, the importance of comprehending the culture of the people of the country of the target language, the general educational significance of studying a foreign language in the context of culture are given. The article states that the successful use of cultural facts in the process of learning a foreign language contributes not only to the students’ mastering the knowledge of the language, but also to their understanding the culture of the country, the life of the people. This is important for the development of the culture of the students’ personality, fostering a culture of peace, the ability to understand a different worldview and a different culture, find compromises in order to establish a mutually beneficial dialogue and fruitful cooperation; it also enriches the personality and contributes to their intellectual and moral development.

Keywords:

culture, a foreign language, culturological idea, social and pedagogical thought, late XIX – early XXI centuries.

С. 200-211

DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF STANDARDIZATION OF GENERAL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA (2012–2021)

Ovchinnikov A. V.                                          DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-212-224

Abstract. 

The basic regulatory acts adopted by central state authorities of the Russian Federation and regulating the procedure of development, adoption and enforcement of the Federal State Educational Standards of General Education, starting with the Federal Law On Education in the Russian Federation of 2012 and until the beginning of 2021, are subsequently analyzed in the article. It is demonstrated that the development of standards is first of all a serious norm-setting process, the aim of which is to create legal conditions and guarantees which would actually ensure the complete exercise of rights of each student to obtain high-quality education. It is underlined that the Federal State Educational Standards, being the main organizational and pedagogical document of the country formulating the obligatory requirements in the area of education and training, acts both as a result and surety of social consent regarding the main directions of formation and development of young generations of Russian citizens.

Keywords:

legislation in education, Federal State Educational Standard of Secondary General Education, Federal State Educational Standard of Basic General Education, regulatory acts of standardization of general education, obligatory requirements in general education.

С. 221-224

FIRST GRADER ADAPTATION TO SCHOOL EDUCATION AS A CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUE

Artyukhova I. S.                                            DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-225-233

Abstract.  

The article shows that the nurtured education prerequisites are the most meaningful criteria determining school readiness and ensuring the successful educational process. Analytical research has been made into the social and psychological specifics of the children born after 2010. Based on the said analysis results, a new research and methodological issue has been formulated: how should the process of modern children adaptation to school be organized and added content to, given their specific psychological development determined by the ongoing social and technological development of society? The causes of difficulties during the adaptation period have been attributed to the insufficient elaboration of various prerequisites for the universal learning skills (ULS). The article contains the perspective recommendations as to how the causes of first grader desadaptation to school education could be prevented.

Keywords:

С. 225-233

INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF CADETS ON THE PROFESSIONALISM
OF A FUTURE SPECIALIST

Muralev A. A., Chursin A. A., Lunev A. N.       DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-234-239

Abstract.  

Scientific and methodological materials on the issue of the cadets’ independent work allow us to define it as a form of vocational training that is based on independent work, as a method and type of training, which has organizational and time parameters. The article analyzes scientific research on the organization of independent work of cadets, according to the results of which three directions are distinguished, and each of them has a certain basis. The scientific validity of the competent organization of the independent work allows us to highlight the main directions of its subsequent development, which aims to improve the professionalism of cadets, provided that the organization of educational and military professional activities is expedient.

Keywords:

С. 234-239

USING INTERACTIVE METHODS IN MATHS LESSONS

Hayitov U. H.                                         DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-240-247

Abstract.  

This article discusses the use of interactive methods in Mathematics lessons. There is also information about the “Best Assistant Teacher” technology and how to use it in the classroom. Suggestions and comments have been made on the advantages of using this interactive method in Mathematics lessons.

Keywords:

С. 240-247

SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP AS AN INNOVATIVE FORM OF STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN RESEARCH

Lyzhin A. I., Konovalov A. A.                     DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-248-256

Abstract.  

The authors address the issue of involving students in research activities, point to the importance and need for forming the research competence as an integral part of a modern specialist. They suggest considering the format of the «Scientific Workshop» as one of the innovative forms of organizing research work. The etymology of this concept and the experience of the first such event within the walls of the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University made it possible to deduce its effectiveness and the possibility of further systematic application within the framework of the implementation of the main scientific agenda of the university.

Keywords:

С. 248-256

EDUCATIONAL TECHNICAL TEXT: FEATURES OF PERCEPTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ADAPTIVE APPROACH TO FORMING FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCIES

Bogush N. B., Ivanova E. A.                            DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-257-269

Abstract.  

The article deals with the issues related to the educational technical text, understood as the purpose and means of teaching a foreign language. The focus is put on the study of the peculiarities of perception and understanding of the educational text in the context of the application of an adaptive approach to the development of foreign language competencies. The experiment showed that the considered adaptive technologies of reading the text, as well as the language structures presented in the tasks, significantly contribute to a deeper understanding of the text, develop language guesswork, help to logically build a sequence of thoughts, master grammatical structures, and penetrate deeper into the semantics of words and phrases.

Keywords:

С. 257-269

TECHNIQUES FOR EXPANDING THE POTENTIAL VOCABULARY OF STUDENTS
OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES WHEN TEACHING ENGLISH

Frolova T. P.                                             DOI: 10.31862/2218-8711-2021-6-270-278

Abstract.  

The article discusses the ways of expanding the potential vocabulary when teaching a foreign language in a technical university, namely, the use of illustrations as one of the effective methods for expanding the potential vocabulary of students. The article analyzes the issue described in the works of such researchers as V. G. Budykina, P. I. Zinchenko, V. D. Tabanakova, R. R. K. Hartmann, G. James, and others. Based on the analysis of the literature, the author describes the main stages of forming the skill of understanding unexplored words in order to expand the potential vocabulary. The author identifies the general principles on which the method of using illustrations is implemented in order to expand the potential vocabulary of students of technical specialties. According to these principles, a system of exercises that are used to expand the potential vocabulary in the process of learning a foreign language in the first year of the undergraduate course in a non-linguistic university is described in the article.

Keywords:

С. 270-278