RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF EDUCATION 

Objectives of the Academy at the New Stage of Development

Verbitskaya L.A.

IN HONOR OF THE 190th ANNIVERSARY OF K.D. USHINSKY

Teacher as an Object of Anthropological Reflection in K.D. Ushinsky’s
Theoretical Heritage

Lidak L.V. 

The article examines the tendencies of anthropological reflection in a teacher’s professional activity and personality. The peculiarities of psychological and anthropological training of teachers are analyzed. The ideas of national traditions and national spirit of education are considered. The fundamental ideas of K.D. Ushinsky’s pedagogical anthropology are analyzed with regard to the modern situation in educational practice.

K.D. Ushinsky and the Age of Great Reformation in Russia (Exploring the Beginnings of Russian Education Modernization)

Milovanov K.Y.

The article is devoted to the research of social views and reformist ideas of the great Russian teacher K.D. Ushinsky.

“Choral Singing – How Powerful a Tool in Pedagogics!” (K.D. Ushinsky about Artistic Education)

Aliev Y.B. 

The article examines the artistic didactic aspect of K.D. Ushinsky’s publications and shows that in his principal works “The Russian Word” and “human Being as a Subject of Education” he expressed the notion that education through artistic means is an essential factor in developing the “human in a human being”. Also explored are the questions of musical education and choral singing which Ushinsky also worked on.

Keywords: Ushinsky’s didactic conception, questions of introduction into arts in Ushinsky’s works, musical education, choral work with children, activity oriented artistic education of school children, educational potential of introduction into arts in Ushinsky’s works.

Ideas of Labour Education in K.D. Ushinsky’s Pedagogical System and their Development in the Works of M.N. Skatkin

Zanaev S.Z. 

The article examines the views of K.D. Ushinsky on the significance of labor in upbringing, social and psychological formation of the younger generations. The continuation and development of these ideas in the scientific and pedagogical heritage and activity of M.N. Skatkin is also explored.

Keywords: labour upbringing, socio-psychological significance of labour, polytechnic education.

Modern K.D. Ushinsky on the National Character of Upbringing

Gontarenko Z.N.

The article explores the relevance of the ideas of K.D. Ushinsky, who objected to borrowing foreign educational and upbringing principles. The author appeals to Ushinsky’s ideas about national character of upbringing and considers if the search for a national basis of upbringing is necessary in modern Russia.

Keywords: national principle, national system of upbringing, patriarchal traditions.

Priceless Contribution of K.D. Ushinsky to the Creation of Russian National Educational Literature

Indrisova R.A.

The article describes the contribution of K.D. Ushinsky to pedagogical science, to the progressive reformist transformation of the Russian national school, to the creation of the first textbooks of the new type, which became the standard for elementary school Russian language textbooks for decades.

Keywords: people`s school, books of the new type, educational literature, founder, pioneer, scientific pedagogy, children’s educational literature, teacher and philosopher.

Influence of Pedagogical Ideas of K.D. Ushinsky on Teaching Mathematics

Kondratyeva G.V.

Keywords: K.D. Ushinsky, teaching of mathematics, arithmetics method, geometry method, fusionism.

MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN EDUCATION

Science Policy and Capitalization of Knowledge in the Russian Academy of Education: Formation of a Scientific Strategy, Evaluation and Promotion of Research results 

Novoselova S.Y.

This article examines the problem of forming a scientific strategy, evaluation and promotion of research results of modern scientific organizations on the example of the Russian Academy of Education. The author analyzes the characteristics of the state science policy, reveals and substantiates the necessity of managing intellectual property and the results of intellectual activity of modern scientific organizations. On the basis of this study, the author formulates the basic characteristics of the capitalization of scientific knowledge and research results promotion.

Keywords: science policy, scientific strategy, information technology and information resource management,capitalization of scientific knowledge and the promotion of research results.

THEORY OF MODERN EDUCATION

Basics of Realization of Educational Potential of Social Studies

Korosteleva A.A. 

The article is devoted to the problem of realization of educational potential of social studies, and determines the conditions and directions of the actualization of this process.

Keywords: education, educational potential, educational direction, polyculturalism, tolerance.

NEW RESEARCHES IN EDUCATION

Professional Problems of a School Teacher in Germany

Pisareva L.I. 

The article deals with the main problems of the teacher’s profession in Germany, the ways of overcoming stressful situations and large productive load. It also examines the different types of student motivation for choosing their future professional activity in the field of school education.

Keywords: profession, teacher, motivation, investigation, pedagogical education, social status.

Based on documented historical and content-cognitive analysis, the article identifies the major contradictions and problems of the modern physics course content in Russia. The article also suggests ways to overcome them in accordance with the recent adoption of the Federal Law on Education and the Federal State Educational Standards of primary and secondary education. The authors formulate the didactic principle of cognitive construction of the content of education. The main concepts of the systemic and technological approach to optimizing the content of physical education are defined, while the shortcomings and ways of optimizing the working conditions of a physics teacher are revealed.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Development Perspectives of the Scientific and Educational Information Resources Based on Open Technology

The article characterizes the possibilities of using open information resources in the field of education.

Keywords: open software, open standards, open archives, open education, open science.

Asynchronous Learning as a Factor of the Development of Subjectivity in Students

The article focuses on the problem of students' subjectivity development as participants of the educational process. The author shows that different forms of asynchronous learning, which are widespread and inculcated into higher education practice, provide the best way for this development.

Keywords: synchronous education, asynchronous education, subject-to-subject educational relationship, tutor, facilitator, moderator.

Effectiveness of Searching for Music Informatics Educational Materials on the Internet

The article describes an experiment to assess the effectiveness of Internet search for "Introduction to information science" course training material by students of musical specialties at the Moscow State University for Culture and Arts. Yandex and Google search engines were taken as the search tools. Their effectiveness was assessed by the classic accuracy rate T and the newly introduced adequacy search ratio D. Figure D was determined by the degree of user satisfaction of the search results. The experiment demonstrates the suitability of T and D indicators for numerical evaluation of Internet search engines efficiency.

Keywords: information search effectiveness, Internet search engines, search accuracy, search sufficiency, Yandex, Google, introduction to informatics, music informatics.

SCIENTIFIC LIFE

Processes of Modernization of Education in Russia and Abroad

REFLECTING ON BOOKS

Conceptual Aspect of Methodology in Pedagogics

Belyaeva M.A. 

The article is a review of the materials from the scientific work compilation “Methodology of Pedagogics: Conceptual Aspect”, composed by an Academician of the Russian Academy of Education E.V.Tkachenko and Professor M.A. Galaguzova. The book presents the articles of educational workers on the discussed topic, published in the leading pedagogical journals.

Keywords: review, methodology of pedagogics, E.V. Tkachenko, M.A. Galaguzova, scientific work compilation.

Time of Freedom, Time of Hope

Lanin B.A.

The article discusses various approaches to the 90s. Moral aspect of renovation is in focus though political and judicial institutions are also interpreted deeply as well as new relationships between state and mass-media. The most important was the process of reformation that built a foundation for future Russia’s integration into the modern world.

IN THE WORLD OF PEDAGOGICAL JOURNALS

Magazin «National and Foreign Pedagogy» № 3(18) 2014

FROM THE EDITORS

When Writing “Culture” – We Mean “Education”, when Writing “Textbook” – We Mean “Primer”

FIRST PRIMERS IN WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROPE

Educational Books of the 16^th Century: Medieval Heritage and Birth of the Primer

Bezrogov V.G., Markarova T.S., Barannikova N.B.

The article presents the main characteristics and typology of educational literature for elementary schools during the period of transition from medieval heritage to the early modern period, from manuscripts to printed text of the 15^th-16^th centuries. The authors propose methodological approaches to the analysis of educational literature of the historical periods.

Images of the World and the Systems of Values in Post-Reformation German Primers

Levinson K.A.

The article offers some preliminary remarks concerning the studying of world images and value systems reflected in post-reformation German primers. The author points out the epistemological difficulties in identifying the precise contents and the “bearers” of the views presented in the primers’ texts and illustrations. In particular, the meanings which are translated through latent education deserve a special analysis, as they are not expressed directly but are hidden in the contexts and subtexts of the textbooks.

Eastern Slavic Primers of the 16th Century: A Comparative Analysis

Moshkova L.V.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the eastern Slavic primers, published in the 16th century on Ukrainian and Belarussian territory, from the primer published by Ivan Fedorov in 1574 to the “Nauka” textbook published by Lavrentiy and Stefan Zizaniy in 1596. The textbooks are also compared to other Slavic primers published in the same century in Poland, Germany, Italy, Bohemia and other countries. The author reveals the reasons for their similarities and differences, explains the processes which lead to the influence of other Christian confessions on eastern Slavic textbooks of the 16th century.

Keywords: eastern Slavic primers of the 16th century, Ivan Fedorov, contents of the primers, Lavrentiy Zizaniy, Stefan Zizaniy, Polish primers, primers for the Slavic population published in Tubingen, Venice and other cities.

SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN THE WORKS OF BALTIC RESEARCHERS

Reading Books and Primers in Latvian in the 17th–18th Centuries: From Religious to Secular Content

Krūze A., Vugule Ē.

The history of Latvian primers and reading books of the 17th-18th centuries is divided into two periods: the period when religios literature completely fulfilled the functions of educational literature and the period when it began to be supplemented by secular texts. The article alalyses the content and design of religious literature, that served the function of textbooks, in the context of development of pedagogical thought, linguistics, history of culture, history of the school and individual authors. The author demonstrates that the textbook came into being when it became essential. The authors of the first primers and reading books were German pastors and literati, which had a good understanding of the everyday social reality and conditions of Latvian life, the pursuit of social freedom of the Latvian people and viewed the prevalent social norms as a whole with the goals and objectives of education.

Keywords: pedagogical thought, education, upbringing, reading book, primer, history of reading.

Modern Literature Study Aid Sets in Latvia

Kaļķe B., Stikute E.

The article explores the process of creation and publication of modern study aid sets in Latvia and presents the analysis of already published sets of literature study aids for grade 4 in terms of their content, structure and methodology. The research methods used in the article are based on the analysis of various sources (normative state documents that regulate the creation and publication of teaching aids for literature and literature study aid sets for grade 4) and scientific literature.

Keywords: teaching standard in literature, model of the school Literature curriculum, set of literature study aids for grade 4.

The article presents the results of the study of the sources from which elementary school students acquire their knowledge in Latvia. The conducted research established the extent of the textbooks compliance with the pedagogical paradigm oriented at independent study. The article proposes several criteria for the assessment of new-generation textbooks according to the study paradigm, provides an analysis of disagreements between teacher and student use of the criteria. The authors draw conclusions concerning the creation and use of modern textbooks, necessity of new approaches in teaching using electronic sources and shifting the accents in the textbook contents from the teaching paradigm to the study paradigm, as well as innovation in pedagogical education.

Educational Literature in Orthodox Schools of Liflyandia between the Second Half of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Centuries as a Method of Inclusion of non-Russian subjects into the Empire

The article focuses on the textbooks used in the Orthodox schools of Livland in the period between 1840 and 1917. The intention here is to reconstruct the functioning of the textbook in the Imperial situation, that is historical and geographical conditions when education was under the influence of heterogenenous political and cultural factors. This had a reflection on polilinguality, multiconfessionality and heterogeneous character of pedagogical principles in elementary school. The article is supported by the examples from the textbooks of religion, Russian and Estonian as well as the school readers.The activity of more than 470 schools in Livland, Estland and Courland had made an impact on the cultural, religious and social life of the Ostsee provinces of the Russian Empire. These schools have been established by the Russian government for the Estonian and Latvian converts to Orthodoxy in the 1840s. The provision of the textbooks for these schools had a spontaneous and ad hoc chanracheter, at least until the reforms of the 1880s.: some textbooks were written by Estonian and Latvian authors, others were translated from Russian. 

Keywords: textbooks, the Russian Empire, Ostsee provinces, Russian language, methods of language teaching, religion as a subject, readers, non-Russian schools, Orthodox church, Estonian language, national awakening, lieux de memoire.

SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN THE WORKS OF ITALIAN RESEARCHERS

Elementary School Textbook Control under Fascism: From the Establishment of the Central Commission for the Examination of School Textbooks to the Introduction of the State Textbook Standard

On the basis of a wide array of archival and printed documentation, the author reconstructs different forms, ways and stages through which Fascist Italy, beginning with the Gentile Reform of 1923, managed to exert direct ideology and politics on the elementary school textbook with the decision to introduce in all elementary school grades the so-called  State Schoolbooks (Testi unici di Stato) specially arranged according to the directives of the Fascist regime. 

Keywords: history of education, Italy, fascism, 20th century, school textbook, school reforms

Building National Identity in Post-Unitary Italy through Elementary School History Textbooks (1861–1900)

Ascenzi A.

This article demonstrates the importance of school textbooks for civic and political education of younger generations through the author’s analysis of a large body of elementary school history textbooks published during the first forty years of unification of Italy between 1961 and the end of the 19^th century. The major concentration point of the article deals with the questions of origin and development of specific types of educational literature in conjunction with the growth of national school publishing houses, evolution of ideological contents of history textbooks for elementary schools depending on the changes of the political and cultural context of a given period, didactic use of history textbooks by elementary school teachers. 

Keywords: history of education, Italy, 19^th century, teaching history; school textbooks; children's literature.

Teaching Ancient and Medieval History in Fascist and Soviet Schools during the Interwar Period: A Comparison of Elementary School Textbooks

The article analyses the contents of Italian and Soviet textbooks of ancient and medieval history in order to compare not only the different views of the past and their use for ideoloagical objectives, which have been thoroughly studied by historians, but also the images of the ancient times and civilizations which were readily translated and popularized by both regimes in schools and throughout society.

Keywords: history of education, Italy, Soviet Union, 20th century, fascism and stalinism, teaching ancient and medieval history, school textbooks.

SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS

Major Trends in Elementary School Geometry Textbook Improvement in the Second Half of the 19th Century

Kondratyeva G.V.

The article examines the main trends оf improvement of the elementary school geometry textbook in the 19th century. The author proposes an original classification of the main directions and trends in textbook development. Well-known (A. Davidov, M. Kosinski, Z. Vulin), as well as practically forgotten (W.Volens) publications are taken into account.

Keywords: textbook, teaching geometry, second half of the 19th century.

The Village Close and Distant: The Image of the Village in Soviet and Post-Soviet Reading Books for Elementary Schools

Kozlova M.A.

The article describes the image of the village, created in elementary school textbooks. The research is based on the comparative perspective – analysis of the content of Soviet (1974-80), and post-Soviet (2004-05) textbooks. The analysis of the post-Soviet period textbooks revealed the dominance of the rural environment over the urban one, of the rural labor in the village over all other types. In the post-Soviet textbooks the descriptions of village life and work are much less detailed and informative than in the Soviet textbooks. The presented portrait of the village is a complex one (the village as a breadwinner, a laborer, a source of vitality, "root system" of the citizen, the keeper of traditions), but the national romantic component clearly dominates.

Udmurt People or Rural People? School Children’s Perception of the Rural Ethnic Culture Markers Presented in Primers

Vlasova T.A., Plotnikova A.P.

The article presents the results of the study of schoolchildren’s perception of ethnic culture representations. Compositions written by students of urban and rural schools have been compared. The content analysis of compositions based on a book picture shows social inequality between the city and the village as well as differentiation of  urban and rural areas rather than opposition of Udmurt and Russian ethnic traditions.

Keywords: educational sociology, regional educational policy, ethnic education, visual study.

P. 202–219

Gender and Professional Socialization in Textbooks for Elementary Schools and Preparatory Classes in 2000s

Kolosova E.A.

The article examines the problem of gender stereotype translation to preschool and elementary school children. The author analyses the possibility of elementary and preschool textbooks as channels of such gender stereotype translation. Means of gender socialization of preschool children used by textbooks as sources of information are defined through the description of the world of professions.

Keywords: gender socialization, professional socialization, gender roles, gender stereotypes, channels of gender stereotype translation, textbooks, content analysis.